what is networking
When two or more computers and networking devices are linked to each other for data transmission and resource sharing through any communication channel, then it is called network or computer network or data network.
Whereas the whole process of linking and connecting two or more computers and networking devices to each other is called networking. In other words, the whole process of creating and using any computer network is called networking. To make a computer network, we need Hardware, Software and Protocol, we can also make computer network wired or wireless.
To share common data and information with any individual or group, we create a network and the process of creating this entire network is called networking.
Types of network
There are generally 3 types of networks LAN, MAN and WAN. Even after leaving these, there are others like PAN, HAN.
1. What is Personal Area Network (PAN)
This network is also called PAN. This is a small network which has its limits inside a house. For example, in a building, one or more computers reside in PAN. Along with this telephone, video game and some other devices are connected.
2. What is Home Area Network (HAN)
If some people in the same residence are using the same network, then we can call it Home Area Network. It is also called HAN. It usually has internet connection from WIRE. Which is connected to a modem. This modem provides both connection means wire and wireless. You can do all these things in this network. WIFI is also a Home Area Network.
You can take out the print of the document by sitting in any corner of the house.
You can also upload and download photos
Along with online video sharing, you can also do video streaming.
There is not much difference between PAN and HAN.
3. What is Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network means LAN. You will find this network everywhere like office, college, school, business organization. This network is used for resource sharing, data storage, document printing. To make this, not much hardware is required, just hub, switch, network adapter, router and Ethernet cable are needed.
The smallest LAN can be made of only two computers. We can connect 1000 computers in a LAN. Mostly LAN is used in wire connection. But nowadays it is also being used in wireless. The specialty of this network is its speed, low cost and security. Ethernet cable is used in this.
This network is special for document sharing and printing in an office. What happens in document sharing? There is a central server where all the files are kept. Which any employee can access the file without going there. If someone also wants to print, he can print using the central printer. This is the advantage of LAN. This is called resource sharing.
4. What is Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
You can also speak Metropolitan Area network or MAN. This is a network connecting an entire city. This network connects all the small and big colleges, schools, government offices in a city. MAN is a bigger network than LAN. MAN covers from 10KM to 100KM. It is used to make a large network by connecting many LANs together.
If such networks are used in a college campus, then it is called campus area network. The best example of this is the cable TV network. MAN is used to connect LAN to LAN. Any big business organization becomes its own MAN. Through which he can connect his different branches.
5. Wide Area Network (What is WAN)
The network that comes after LAN and MAN is the Wide Area Network. By the way, this is the largest network that keeps computers from all over the world connected. It is also called WAN. Wide area network is called LAN of LANs. The specialty of this network is that it has low DATA rate, but covers more distance. The best example of Wide Area Network is Internet.
There are two types of WAN 1. Enterprise WAN and 2. Global WAN. Computers connected to a wide area network mostly use public networks such as telephone lines, leased lines and satellites. The largest WAN is the Internet.
By the way, there are many wide area networks. Like public packet network, Large Corporate network, Military networks, Banking networks, Railway reservation network and finally Airline Reservation network.
The company providing network facility through WAN is called Network Service Provider. They are called the core of the Internet. WAN is said to be the most expensive network. Because some such technology is used in it. Such as SONET, Framerelay and ATM.
Networking Device (devices used in the network)
1. HUB
Hub is also called network hub. It is a common networking device used to connect a segment of a LAN. Hub has multiple ports, when any packet reaches near one port, it is copied near all the ports so that all the LAN segments connected to that hub can see this packet. Hubs are of two types Active Hub and Passive Hub.
2. Switch
A network switch is a computer networking device that works to connect devices to a computer network through packet switching, through which data is sent from the source device and after that the data is processed and then received near the destination device. Network switch is also called switching hub, bridging hub and MAC bridge.
It filters the data between the ports according to the MAC address in the packet of information, meaning that it filters the data and tries to find out which port to send this data to. The switch has multiple ports and it stores the MAC address (Media Access Control Address) of all the ports in the table so that the information can be sent directly to that port according to the MAC address. It does not copy the data near all the ports, so it is called an intelligent device.
3. Router
Router is a networking device that works to forward data between computer networks. Generally, Router works to connect different types of networks. Router works like traffic directing, meaning that it works to tell the route. All the data that is sent on the Internet is in the form of a packet. When a packet of information is forwarded from one router to another through the network, then an internetwork is formed until the data reaches its destination node.
When any packet of information comes in any line of the router, first of all the router reads the network address of that information so that its destination node can be found out and then transfer it to the next network to reach the destination node. makes |
4. Bridge
A bridge is a computer networking device that works to connect the same type of network. It is completely different from Router because Router works to connect two different networks whereas Bridge works to connect the same network. In OSI model, bridging is performed in the data link layer.
Example of Bridge: As you must have seen in your city that over bridges are made to connect the same type of road so that both the roads are connected to each other. In the same way, a bridge is used to connect the same type of network so that the data transmission between the networks continues.
5. Repeater
It is an electronic device that receives and retransmits the signal. It is known from its name that it will work to repeat, that is, it will work to repeat anything. Its job is to increase the signal strength so that the transmission can be done far and wide.
Repeater is used to increase the transmission power like if any telephone call is being sent through the telephone line, then some power is lost in traveling very long distance due to which the audio quality deteriorates and The sound is not completely able to reach the other end, so repeater is used so that it can again send that audio signal forward with high power and the audio signal can reach the other end completely.
6. Interface cards:
Network Interface cards (NICs) also called Network Interface Controller (NIC, network adapter, LAN adapter and Physical Network interface) are computer hardware components used to connect computers to computer networks.
Network interface card is already designed in personal computers and workstations, it is specially designed for LAN transmission technology.
7. Firewalls
Firewall is a network security system used to control and manage incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewall rejects unsafe network traffic from access and allows access to safe network traffic. It establishes a barrier between unsafe network traffic and secure network traffic to prevent unauthorized access.
Benefits of Computer Network
1. Faster Communication
As I told that networking is the process of connecting many computers together. Networking is generally designed for communication and data exchange only. Through computer network, we can message to anyone in real time and he can also reply to us by message immediately. When we did not have networking, we used to send our message through post office, which was a very lengthy process and the message did not reach at the right time.
But since networking has come, we can send our message to anyone anywhere in the world in seconds. This made our communication much faster. Through this we can send our message or any type of file.
2. Boost Storage Capacity
When you connect computers through the network, you will not need to store the same data in all the computers, meaning that you can use the data of the same computer in all the connected computers and in this way the storage capacity of your computer will increase. This means that your storage space will be left in which you can store other information and keep it.
3. Inexpensive Cost
When you install the networking system, you can use the same resource with all the connected computers, this will save your money. For example, if you want to run an institute, then you can connect the same CPU (Central Processing Unit) with many desktops so that you will have to bear the cost of only one CPU.
4. Easily File Sharing
By installing a networking system, you can use the same file in all connected devices, for this you do not need any separate storage space. For example, if you have connected a lot of desktops to a CPU in your institute, then all those desktop users can easily see the file kept in that CPU, that means that file can be easily shared among all. You will not have to copy paste that file again and again.
5. Resource Sharing
You can use one resource (such as Printer, CPU and other hardware devices) with many devices through networking system, through networking system you can share the same resource with all the devices. For example, if you have gone to any Internet cafe, then there you must have seen that the same printer is connected with all the computers which share the resource.
6. Easy to use
Due to the networking device, you will not need to install any software again and again in all computers, nor will you need to make any changes again and again, so it is very easy to use.
Disadvantages of computer network
1. Security Issue
When many people will be added to your network, then one of them will want to harm you or some outsider will want to harm you, when people share resources and files between each other, then some illegal person will definitely try to harm. The security problem with the network is very common and it is the disadvantages of computer network.
2. It lacks robustness
Whenever the main server will break down, which means that it will fail, then all the systems connected to it will become useless, which means that they will be without work, then all those systems will not be able to do any work. If any bridging device (connecting two networks) or central linking server fails, then all the systems connected to it will fail. To deal with this, the main server powerful system is made so that all these problems can be easily dealt with and it does not fail quickly.
3. It requires expensive set-up
When you install a computer network, you will incur a little more cost because you will need some network devices (such as Switch, hub, router etc.) to do networking, which will increase the cost, meaning it will cost more. Apart from this, you will need Network Interface Cards (NICs) for networking, if Network Interface cards are not already installed, then this will also affect the cost.
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