Special/In-Depth: Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) and Machine Learning (M.L.) in India
For the past few years, artificial intelligence has been in constant discussion for various reasons and issues. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science whose job is to create intelligent machines.
Recently, the government's think tank NITI Aayog and Google have agreed that both aim to promote India's emerging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) ecosystem. Will work together on several initiatives, which will help in building an artificial intelligence ecosystem in the country.
NITI Aayog has been entrusted with the responsibility of developing technologies like AI and preparing a national program for research. With this responsibility, NITI Aayog is developing a National Strategy on Artificial Intelligence along with the National Data and Analytics Portal, so that it can be widely used.
In general, artificial intelligence and machine learning are considered synonymous, but this is not the case. The difference between these two is further clarified, so that confusion does not arise.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
In simple words, Artificial Intelligence means to develop the ability to think and make decisions in a machine. Artificial intelligence is considered to be the most advanced form of computer science and in this a mind is made in which a computer can think ... a computer brain, which can think like humans.
types of artificial intelligence
Purely Reactive
Limited Memory
Brain Theory
Self Conscious
Artificial intelligence started in the 1950s. Artificial intelligence means- intellectual ability developed by artificial means.
According to John McCarthy, the father of artificial intelligence, it is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs, that is, the intelligence displayed by machines.
Through this, a computer system or robotic system is created, which is attempted to be run on the basis of the same logic, on the basis of which the human brain works.
Artificial intelligence is a way of creating software that can think in an intelligent way like a robot or a human being controlled by a computer.
It studies about how the human brain thinks and learns, makes decisions, and works while solving problems.
Movies like Artificial Intelligence, Star Wars, Eye Robot, Terminator, Blade Runner etc., which have been made in Hollywood, can give you an idea of what artificial intelligence is! In India too, artificial intelligence can be seen and understood in the famous actor Rajinikanth's film 'Robot'. By the way, a computer system with artificial intelligence has defeated Garry Kasporov of Russia, one of the all-time great players of chess in 1997.
- This is how Artificial Intelligence started
- Artificial intelligence started in the 1950s, but its importance was recognized in the 1970s.
- Japan was the first to take the initiative and in 1981 started a plan called Fifth Generation.
- In this the outline of a 10-year program for the development of supercomputers was presented.
- After this other countries also paid attention to this. Britain made a project for this named 'Elvi'.
- European Union countries also started a program called 'Esprit'.
After this, in 1983, some private organizations together established a consortium 'Micro-Electronics and Computer Technology' to develop advanced technologies applicable to Artificial Intelligence, such as Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits.
Where is it being used?
It will not be an exaggeration if the present era is called the period of experiments being done on Artificial Intelligence.
Major Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Computer Gaming
Natural Language Processing
Expert System
Vision System
Speech Recognition
Intelligent Robot
Besides, running a very complex system...to develop new drugs...exploring new chemicals...from mining industry to space...from stock market to insurance companies...there is no area of human life left like this. without the interference of artificial intelligence.
Let's try to understand it with this example...
Today, the movement of airplanes around the world is completely dependent on computers. Which plane will pass when, which way...where will it deliver the goods...all these machines decide and give instructions. That is, artificial intelligence is being used for air traffic control.
It means that the work which takes more time for a person or the work which is complex and difficult, can be done in a jiffy with the help of these mechanical minds.
Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in India
With remarkable progress in the field of robotics, virtual reality, cloud technology, big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning and other technologies, the possibilities of ushering in the fourth industrial revolution are being explored in the near future in India.
According to NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant, artificial intelligence is going to change the way business is done in the country. It will be specially used in innovations especially for the social and inclusive welfare of the country.
The time is approaching for the country to accept futuristic technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to increase capacity in the field of health care, improve education, develop innovative governance systems for citizens and improve the country's overall economic productivity. .
In such a situation, NITI Aayog's partnership with Google will launch many training initiatives, support startups and provide Ph.D. AI research will be promoted through the scholarship.
efforts being made by the government
A committee has been constituted under the chairmanship of NITI Aayog Vice-Chairman Rajiv Kumar to outline the Artificial Intelligence program at the national level. In this, apart from the representatives of the government, academia and industry will also be given representation.
In the current budget, the government has made a provision of $480 million for fifth generation technology startups, which include artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet of Things, 3-D printing and block chain.
Apart from this, the government is planning to promote research, training, human resource and skill development in the fields of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Digital Manufacturing, Big Data Intelligence, Real Time Data and Quantum Communication.
7-Point Strategy on Artificial Intelligence
Earlier in October last year, the central government had prepared a 7-point strategy, which will form the basis of India's strategic plan to use artificial intelligence. Chief among these are:
To develop methods for human-machine interaction.
To build a competent workforce with Artificial Intelligence and R&D.
Ensuring the security of artificial intelligence systems.
To understand and act upon the ethical, legal and social implications of Artificial Intelligence.
To evaluate the measurement by taking Artificial Intelligence technology as standard and through benchmarks.
Caution is also important
Artificial intelligence will revolutionize the way we live and work. Techniques like robotics and virtual reality will revolutionize the way production and manufacturing are done. According to a study by the University of Oxford, 1.5 million jobs will be lost in the US alone in the next two decades.
We may have to deal with the challenges of employment in the world of artificial intelligence, but the biggest threat will be difficult to avoid. So it is clear that there are as many dangers as there are advantages from machines with artificial intelligence. Experts say that if intelligent robots start considering humans as their enemies for some reason or circumstance, then there can be a danger to humanity. All machines and weapons can rebel. Such a situation has been imagined in a Hollywood movie like 'Terminator'.
Intelligent robots are being made
The latest invention of this time shows the intelligence of artificial intelligence machines. With the help of artificial intelligence, robots are made effective and intelligent. These types of robots have made their place in many big companies abroad and in the country and are doing such work, which workers and technical workers experience a lot of difficulty in doing.
Saudi Arabia's Intelligent Robot Sofia
The robot named Sophia was created in 2016 by David Hanson, founder of Hanson Robotics.
On 25 October 2017, Saudi Arabia gave it its full citizenship and she is the first robot in the world to acquire citizenship of any country.
Sophia's expressions are just like humans and she can even recognize other's facial expressions.
Sophia can do all things like humans and have her own thoughts, except to interact with anyone with her intelligence.
Sofia has got all such rights of Saudi Arabia, which the government there provides to its citizens.
Whenever Sophia is wrong, she can also be prosecuted according to the law of Saudi Arabia.
If any other person or citizen does something wrong to Sophia, then Sofia can also file a lawsuit according to the law of Saudi Arabia.
Sofia has come to India:
When Asia's biggest Tech Fest-2017 was organized in Mumbai, then Robot Sofia also came in its telefest. Sophia adopted the Indian style in this program and was wearing a white and orange sari in Indian costume in this program. Sofia greeted the people present there by saying 'Namaste India, I am Sofia'. In Tech Fest-2017, three thousand people were curious about how Sophia talks and answers questions. Sofia answered all the questions very cleverly and effectively. Sophia spoke in Hindi to the people present there.
What is Machine Learning?
For example, artificial intelligence is used for computer programs that try to solve problems that humans can easily do, such as telling about a photo by looking at it. Similarly, another task that humans can easily do is to learn from examples... and machine learning programs also try to do the same thing i.e. tell computers to learn from examples. For this a lot of algorithms etc. have to be gathered, so that the computer can learn to make better guesses. But now efforts are being made to give machines a more common sense in order to teach machines faster with fewer algorithms, which in technical parlance is called 'regulation'.
Let us try to make it more clear with an example...
In the Hollywood movie 'Minority Report', Tom Cruise-starrer policemen, based on information from three supernatural powers, catch prospective criminals before they break the law.
It is actually more difficult to make such predictions, but due to the increasing ability of computers to predict, such possibilities no longer seem limited to the imagination. Machine learning programs can make remarkably accurate predictions. It works on the principle of finding patterns in large volumes of data.
Learn with Google AI
In the world of technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning remain in the discussion these days. That's why Google is trying to make people have maximum information about Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. In view of this, Google has started a website called Learn with Google AI, so that people can understand how artificial intelligence technology works and what is the principle of machine learning. Google has started a machine learning crash course prepared by experts for this.
The development of artificial intelligence technology reflects the diversity of different perspectives and needs of human beings. Google AI is giving this information to everyone for free and this course is for all those who want to know about machine learning. Learn with Google AI also has the facility of online courses. You can get this information through feature videos and visual illustrations of machine learning experts from Google. The duration of this course is 15 hours, in which Google researchers will give lectures. This course has been prepared by the engineering education team of Google.
The concept of Artificial Intelligence is very old. In Greek myths there are stories related to the concept of 'mechanical man' i.e. a person who imitates some of our behavior. Early European computers were designed as 'logical machines', that is, they were used as mechanical brains by developing abilities such as basic mathematics, memory. But as technology advanced and calculations became more complex, so did the concept of artificial intelligence. Under this, an attempt was made to develop them like human behavior, so that they could be able to do more and more human tasks in such a way that we all usually do.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai says that we have learned to use fire and electricity for the benefit of humanity, but it is necessary to overcome its bad aspects. Similarly, artificial intelligence is a similar technology and can be used in the treatment of cancer or to address the problems related to climate change. The creation of Artificial Intelligence is one of the greatest events in the history of our civilization. But the truth is also that if a way to avoid its risks is not found, then it can have serious consequences, because despite all the benefits, artificial intelligence has its own dangers. Overall, the rise of a powerful artificial intelligence can be beneficial for us as well as harmful. At the moment we do not know what its nature will be next, so more research is needed in this context.
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